Food waste tectonics: Points of friction between policy push and practice pull in council-led household-food-waste interventions in Australia.

Household food waste is increasingly recognised as a global wicked problem for its greenhouse gas emissions, economic damage, and resource loss. Although targeted in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, countries can only respond according to their capacity. For Australia, national policy has put the pressure on states and territories to divert food waste away from landfill into a nascent circular economy. For councils, this increasingly means implementing a FOGO (Food Organics/Garden Organics) kerbside collection. Despite funding and infrastructure development, many are resisting. Framed by the tenets of policy diffusion, this paper presents the results of a nationwide exploratory survey aimed at identifying how and why council-based waste services staff resist, emulate or lead FOGO implementation. By assessing participants current kerbside systems and their attitudes towards household food waste management, the survey found costs, contamination, and capacity and were key concerns. However, responses to these varied considerably despite similarities of situation, often relating more to collaborative attitudes across waste services, council, and councillors. This paper recognises that a conducive environment for change is urgently needed for Australia to achieve organics diversion targets and shift household food towards a circular economy. It provides a starting point for further research into the complex and nuanced dynamics between council waste services and FOGO implementations, from external drivers and council paradigms to individual attitudes and perceptions.

Compression stress-strain curve of lithium slag recycled fine aggregate concrete.

As one of the key materials used in the civil engineering industry, concrete has a global annual consumption of approximately 10 billion tons. Cement and fine aggregate are the main raw materials of concrete, and their production causes certain harm to the environment. As one of the countries with the largest production of industrial solid waste, China needs to handle solid waste properly. Researchers have proposed to use them as raw materials for concrete. In this paper, the effects of different lithium slag (LS) contents (0%, 10%, 20%, 40%) and different substitution rates of recycled fine aggregates (RFA) (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) on the axial compressive strength and stress-strain curve of concrete are discussed. The results show that the axial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and peak strain of concrete can increase first and then decrease when LS is added, and the optimal is reached when the LS content is 20%. With the increase of the substitution rate of RFA, the axial compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete decrease, but the peak strain increases. The appropriate amount of LS can make up for the mechanical defects caused by the addition of RFA to concrete. Based on the test data, the stress-strain curve relationship of lithium slag recycled fine aggregate concrete is proposed, which has a high degree of agreement compared with the test results, which can provide a reference for practical engineering applications. In this study, LS and RFA are innovatively applied to concrete, which provides a new way for the harmless utilization of solid waste and is of great significance for the control of environmental pollution and resource reuse.

An Aspen plus process simulation model for exploring the feasibility and profitability of pyrolysis process for plastic waste management.

Plastics, integral to various human activities, have led to a surge in production, posing substantial challenges in waste management. The persistent non-biodegradability of plastics, taking over a century to decompose, necessitates exploration into technologies for their conversion into sustainable fuels. Pyrolysis, an oxygen-free thermal decomposition process, emerges as a promising avenue for producing liquid fuels from plastic waste. This study's primary objective is to create and validate an Aspen Plus simulation model, enabling techno-economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis of pyrolysis for converting waste plastics into liquid fuels. Critical parameters-temperature, retention time, and particle size-are examined for their impact on product yield and quality. The methodology involves model development, validation, and subsequent simulations with various waste plastic types under different pyrolysis conditions. Experimental investigation using waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in an auger reactor yielded an oil yield of 61.29%, char yield of 10.98%, and syngas yield of 27.73% at 525 °C. Post-validation against this data, the model explored four plastic types, revealing significant influences of plastic type and reactor temperature on product yields. Polystyrene (PS) at 500 °C produced the highest oil content at 83.69%, with temperature affecting yield before secondary cracking. Techno-economic evaluation for a pyrolysis plant processing 10,000 tons of waste HDPE annually indicated a minimum selling price (MSP) of $302.50/ton, a net present value (NPV) of $12,594,659.7, and a 1.03-year payback period. This study provides crucial insights for designing an economically viable and sustainable pyrolysis process, guiding further research and industrial implementation.

Solid waste management practices and challenges in Besisahar municipality, Nepal.

This study is a comprehensive assessment of the waste management system in Besisahar municipality. Information and some data have been collected from the municipality of Besisahar, followed by interviews with municipal officials responsible for waste management, stakeholders, waste workers, and residents. A total of 230 households, 20 schools, 10 government and private offices, 10 financial institutions, 60 commercial hotels, restaurants, and shops, and 20 medical shops and healthcare institutions, were selected in this study by random sampling. An extensive field study was conducted within all municipal wards and at dump sites. The results indicated that 42.14% of solid waste was collected through door-to-door collection services, 5.87% was mismanaged in open public places, 11.21% was used as compost manure, and the rest was discarded on riverbanks, dug up, and burned. A large component of the characterization of household waste consisted of organic waste (68.03%), followed by paper/paper products (8.13%), agricultural waste (5.5%), plastic (5.21%), construction (3.81%), textile (2.72%), metals (0.54%), glass (1.01%), rubber (0.10%), electronic (0.05%), pharmaceutical (0.1%) and others (4.78%) in the Besishahar municipality. Solid waste generation was found to be at 197.604 g/capita/day, as revealed by cluster sampling in 230 households. Around 4.285 tons-solid waste/day were generated in urban areas, while 16.13 tons-solid waste/day was estimated for the whole municipality. An important correlation between the parameters of solid waste was found by statistical analysis. Currently, solid waste is dumped on riverbanks, open fields, and springs, creating environmental and health hazards. The findings of this study will be useful to Besisahar municipality and its stakeholders in forming policies that facilitate waste management practices in this region and promote sustainable waste management systems.

Environmental sustainability assessment of a new food waste anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis hybridization system.

This research conducted an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate an anaerobic digestion-co-pyrolysis (ADCo-Py) system in which pyrolysis was added to traditional food waste (FW) anaerobic digestion (AD) systems to treat the solid fraction and impurities separated from FW. The solid fraction, including impurities such as wooden chopsticks, plastics, eggshells, and bones, is usually incinerated, while pyrolysis can be a viable alternative to optimize FW treatment. The environmental impact of ADCo-Py was compared with stand-alone AD, pyrolysis, and ADCo-INC (AD with incineration of separated solids). The results indicated that both ADCo-Py (-1.726 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) and ADCo-INC (-1.535 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) outperform stand-alone AD (-0.855 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) and pyrolysis (-0.181 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) in mitigating global warming potential (GWP). Additionally, pretreatments were found to have the most significant influence on GWP, ecotoxicity potential (ETP), and acidification potential (AP). The two-step pretreatment in ADCo-Py, including the separation of solids and drying, significantly improved the environmental sustainability of the system when compared with standalone pyrolysis.

Global perspective of municipal solid waste and landfill leachate: generation, composition, eco-toxicity, and sustainable management strategies.

Globally, more than 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated each year, with that amount anticipated to reach around 3.5 billion tonnes by 2050. On a worldwide scale, food and green waste contribute the major proportion of MSW, which accounts for 44% of global waste, followed by recycling waste (38%), which includes plastic, glass, cardboard, and paper, and 18% of other materials. Population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion are the principal drivers of the ever-increasing production of MSW across the world. Among the different practices employed for the management of waste, landfill disposal has been the most popular and easiest method across the world. Waste management practices differ significantly depending on the income level. In high-income nations, only 2% of waste is dumped, whereas in low-income nations, approximately 93% of waste is burned or dumped. However, the unscientific disposal of waste in landfills causes the generation of gases, heat, and leachate and results in a variety of ecotoxicological problems, including global warming, water pollution, fire hazards, and health effects that are hazardous to both the environment and public health. Therefore, sustainable management of MSW and landfill leachate is critical, necessitating the use of more advanced techniques to lessen waste production and maximize recycling to assure environmental sustainability. The present review provides an updated overview of the global perspective of municipal waste generation, composition, landfill heat and leachate formation, and ecotoxicological effects, and also discusses integrated-waste management approaches for the sustainable management of municipal waste and landfill leachate.

Correlation analysis and predicting modeling of pyrolysis gas based on landfill excavated waste pyrolysis characteristics.

The contribution of excavated waste to waste management is multifaceted, including minimization, non-hazardous disposal, access to useable land resources, improved waste management techniques and public environmental awareness, consistent with recent circular economy initiatives. Pyrolysis can be converted into tar, pyrolysis gas and char with recyclable utilization, enriching the application of pyrolysis technology in the field of excavation waste. In this study, the pyrolysis system includes horizontal tube furnace, gas collection device and Micro GC. The excavated waste was pyrolyzed at a temperature of 500∼900 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Pyrolysis gases include H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 and C3H8. Pyrolysis was divided into four stages, the main decomposition range is 230∼500 °C, with a weight loss rate of 68.49% and a co-pyrolysis behavior. As the temperature increases, the tar and char decreased and the gas production increased significantly, and the pyrolysis gas reached 47.02% at 900 °C. According to Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, the generation of H2 and CO is positively correlated with temperature. Therefore, the target products can be influenced by changing the parameters, when considering the practical utilization of the excavated waste pyrolysis products. On this basis, the prediction models were built by polynomial fitting method. This model can reduce the experimental exploration cycle, reduce the cost, and accurately predict the pyrolysis gas, which has practical guidance for the application of pyrolysis industry, and provides a theoretical basis for the resource recycling and energy recovery of landfill.

Cement-based solidification of nuclear waste: Mechanisms, formulations and regulatory considerations.

This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of cement-based solidification and immobilisation of nuclear waste. It covers various aspects including mechanisms, formulations, testing and regulatory considerations. The paper begins by emphasizing the importance of nuclear waste management and the associated challenges. It explores the mechanisms and principles in cement-based solidification, with a particular focus on the interaction between cement and nuclear waste components. Different formulation considerations are discussed, encompassing factors such as cement types, the role of additives and modifiers. The review paper also examines testing and characterisation methods used to assess the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of solidified waste forms. Then the paper addresses the regulatory considerations and compliance requirements for cement-based solidification. The paper concludes by critically elaborating on the current challenges, emerging trends and future research needs in the field. Overall, this review paper offers a comprehensive overview of cement-based solidification, providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners and regulatory bodies involved in nuclear waste management.

Techno-environmental analysis to valorize the secondary energy resources from refuse-derived fuel-based waste to energy plant.

The present study quantifies the environmental and sustainability impacts associated with municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in India which plays a vital environmental issue in recent times. The upsurge in population has resulted in massive waste generation, leading to a concerning rise in the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the sustainable management of MSW has been discussed and highlights the conversion of MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) to identify its potential for generating electricity in waste-to-energy (WtE) plants. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study has been done to identify and compare the environmental impacts associated with different scenarios (SC) as SC1: landfilling without energy recovery, SC2: open burning and SC3: processing of RDF in WtE plant by considering the nine impact categories from the inventory data obtained over a period of 12 consecutive months (Jan 2021-Jan 2022). The results exhibited that the global warming potential caused by emissions of GHG are in the order of SC1 (1188 kg CO2 eq) > SC2 (752 kg CO2 eq) > SC3 (332 kg CO2 eq), respectively from 1 t of MSW. It is concluded that the WtE plant can help in the reduction of environmental issues, strengthening the capacity of electricity generation and improving the aesthetic view of the city which is socially acceptable as well. Thus, WtE technology can help in achieving sustainable development goal 12 to regenerate the sustainable secondary resources for the twenty-first century and minimize global climate change.

Factors influencing illegal dumping of hazardous waste in China.

In recent years, illegal dumping of hazardous waste (IDHW) in China has become a recurring problem. Effective identification and exploration of the factors influencing illegal dumping are crucial for incident prevention and hazardous waste management, but its analysis has rarely been reported. Thus, this study focused on 568 cases of IDHW officially reported by the government. Through regular expressions, the categories of dumped wastes and the provinces where the incidents occurred were extracted. Furthermore, a comprehensive set of influencing factors was constructed by text mining for the case content and by the integration from the existing literature. On this basis, the unstructured and structured data were integrated using a Boolean dataset to respectively explore the association rules of influencing factors for the overall IDHW and for major waste categories, in conjunction with the extracted province information. Subsequently, a Bayesian network was constructed by utilizing the results of association rules mining and the key factors were identified through corresponding analysis. The findings of this study reveal a close connection between various influencing factors, with distinct key factors identified for different categories of hazardous waste. Among them, law-enforcement emerges as a crucial factor in most IDHW cases, while the factor of public monitoring for metallic hazardous waste and the factor of government supervision for distillation residue waste and other waste play a key role in their respective cases of illegal dumping. These findings offer a fresh research perspective for investigating the factors influencing IDHW and present helpful insights for developing effective strategies to prevent and control such incidents.

Optimally leveraging depth features to enhance segmentation of recyclables from cluttered construction and demolition waste streams.

This paper addresses the critical environmental issue of effectively managing construction and demolition waste (CDW), which has seen a global surge due to rapid urbanization. With the advent of deep learning-based computer vision, this study focuses on improving intelligent identification of valuable recyclables from cluttered and heterogeneous CDW streams in material recovery facilities (MRFs) by optimally leveraging both visual and spatial features (depth). A high-quality CDW RGB-D dataset was curated to capture MRF stream complexities often overlooked in prior studies, and comprises over 3500 images for each modality and more than 160,000 dense object instances of diverse CDW materials with high resource value. In contrast to former studies which directly concatenate RGB and depth features, this study introduces a new depth fusion strategy that utilizes computationally efficient convolutional operations at the end of the conventional waste segmentation architecture to effectively fuse colour and depth information. This avoids cross-modal interference and maximizes the use of distinct information present in the two different modalities. Despite the high clutter and diversity of waste objects, the proposed RGB-DL architecture achieves a 13% increase in segmentation accuracy and a 36% reduction in inference time when compared to the direct concatenation of features. The findings of this study emphasize the benefit of effectively incorporating geometrical features to complement visual cues. This approach helps to deal with the cluttered and varied nature of CDW streams, enhancing automated waste recognition accuracy to improve resource recovery in MRFs. This, in turn, promotes intelligent solid waste management for efficiently managing environmental concerns.

Dynamic life cycle assessment of commercial and household food waste: A critical global review of emerging techniques.

DLCA has been applied to several food waste streams, however, to date no critical assessment of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) is available in the scientific literature. Accordingly, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on DLCA and its application to Household and Commercial Food Waste (HCFW) by providing critical assessment and perspectives for future research. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework for literature review was employed, with just 12 relevant studies identified between 1999 and 2022, highlighting a dearth of research on DLCA of food waste and the need for further research. Identified studies exhibit significant variations with respect to DLCA methodology, boundary settings, and data quality and reporting, with more attention typically given to combining conventional LCA with dynamic characterization models, thus making it difficult to draw conclusive findings or identify consistent trends. Additionally, most identified studies employed DLCA for a specific case study and comparison with traditional LCA outcomes was typically ignored; just one study presented the projected impact from both LCA and DLCA for the entire life cycle of a product. Employed functional/reference units ranged from specific quantities such as 1 kg of refined crystals or syrup, 1 g L-1 Sophorolipid solution, and 1 kg of dry food with packaging material, to broader indicators like 1 kg of biofuel or 1 MJ of primary energy. Monte Carlo simulation was the most frequently employed method for uncertainty analyses within identified studies. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in just 4 studies, but it was not always clearly reported. While DLCA is undoubtedly a more realistic approach to impact assessment, and thus likely more accurate, a need exists for increasingly standardized and regulated versions of DLCA for global and multi-criteria practices.

Reduction of cost and emissions by using recycling and waste management system.

In order to evaluate the level of sustainability of an integrated waste management system (IWMS), it is necessary to analyze the impact criteria. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a model for IWMS optimization with the two goals of minimizing the cost and the emission of greenhouse gases of the entire system. Environmental and health problems caused by the lack of proper waste management include the increase in disease, increase in stray animals, pollution of air, water, land, etc. Therefore, it is very important to identify the indicators and improve the efficiency of the waste management system. In the present research, with descriptive-analytical approach, it has been tried to clarify and evaluate the effective indicators in two dimensions of production-segregation and collection-transportation, and find ways to improve the efficiency of the system. In this article, five waste management systems including, incineration, landfill without gas extraction system, plasma incineration, recycling and aerobic decomposition are introduced and their performance in energy production and emission reduction are compared. The results of the evaluation of the basic waste management system (b) show that the amount of pollution is equivalent to 850 kg CO2 per ton of waste. While the amount of emission in the fifth comprehensive management system is reduced to 450 kg CO2 per ton of waste. According to the results obtained in this study, in all the management systems presented, the process of burying waste in sanitary landfills has the greatest effect in increasing pollution. This means that the pollution caused by burying the waste in the sanitary landfill will be reduced with the construction of the gas extraction system and the plasma method and use in electricity production. Despite the increase in initial costs, using the right technology and using the right waste system based on the type of waste and waste recycling has an effect on the efficiency of the system.

Utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate and silica fume for sustainable civil construction projects.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has not only had a severe impact on global health but also poses a threat to the environment. This research aims to explore an innovative approach to address the issue of increased waste generated by the pandemic. Specifically, the study investigates the utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and Silica Fume (SFM) in civil construction projects. The disposable face masks were processed by removing the ear loops and nose strips, and then cutting them into small fibers measuring 20 mm in length, 5 mm in width, and 0.46 mm in thickness, resulting in an aspect ratio of 24. Various proportions of SFM and RCA were incorporated into the concrete mix, with a focus on evaluating the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and durability of the resulting material. The findings indicate that the addition of SFM led to improvements in both compressive and split tensile strength, while no significant impact on durability was observed.

Carbon reduction trade-off between pretreatment and anaerobic digestion: A field study of an industrial-scale biogas plant.

With the implementation of municipal solid waste source segregation, the enormous sorted biogenic waste has become an issue that needs to be seriously considered. Anaerobic digestion, which can produce biogas and extract floating oil for biodiesel production, is the most prevalent treatment in China for waste management and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal 13 of the United Nations. Herein, a large-scale biogas plant with a capacity of 1000 tonnes of biogenic waste (400 tonnes of restaurant biogenic waste and 600 tonnes of kitchen biogenic waste) per day was investigated onsite using material flow analysis, and the parts of the biogas plant were thoroughly analyzed, especially the pretreatment system for biogenic waste impurity removal and homogenization. The results indicated that the loss of the total biodegradable organic matter was 41.8% (w/w) of daily feedstock and the loss of biogas potential was 18.8% (v/v) of daily feedstock. Life cycle assessment revealed that the 100-year GHG emissions were -61.2 kgCO2-eq per tonne biogenic waste. According to the sensitivity analysis, pretreatment efficiency, including biodegradable organic matter recovery and floating oil extraction, considerably affected carbon reduction potential. However, when the pretreatment efficiency deteriorated, GHG benefits of waste source segregation and the subsequent biogenic waste anaerobic digestion would be reduced.

Prediction of photovoltaic waste generation in Canada using regression-based model.

The global surge in photovoltaic (PV) installations and the resulting increase in PV waste are a growing concern. The aims of this study include predicting the volume of photovoltaic waste in Canada. The forecasting of solar waste volume employed linear regression, 2nd order polynomial regression, and power regression models. The study's results indicate that Canada is on the verge of facing challenges related to the end-of-life treatment of photovoltaic modules in the coming years due to the significant growth in PV capacity over recent decades. According to the analysis, for early loss, the PV waste volume in 2045 could range from 180,000 MT to 270,000 MT, and for regular loss, it could range from 160,000 MT to 180,000 MT. This research is anticipated to assist relevant government agencies in assessing the prospective volume of PV waste to establish a sustainable and resilient PV waste management plan for Canada. These findings may shed light on the feasibility of a circular economy and advocate for the involvement of all stakeholders in a carefully coordinated strategy to mitigate potential environmental impacts and optimize resource utilization efficiency.

Tackling municipal solid waste crisis in India: Insights into cutting-edge technologies and risk assessment.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a pressing global concern, with increasing interest in Waste-to-Energy Technologies (WTE-T) to divert waste from landfills. However, WTE-T adoption is hindered by financial uncertainties. The economic benefits of MSW treatment and energy generation must be balanced against environmental impact. Integrating cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enhance MSW management strategies and facilitate WTE-T adoption. This review paper explores waste classification, generation, and disposal methods, emphasizing public awareness to reduce waste. It discusses AI's role in waste management, including route optimization, waste composition forecasting, and process parameter optimization for energy generation. Various energy production techniques from MSW, such as high-solids anaerobic digestion, torrefaction, plasma pyrolysis, incineration, gasification, biodegradation, and hydrothermal carbonization, are examined for their advantages and challenges. The paper emphasizes risk assessment in MSW management, covering chemical, mechanical, biological, and health-related risks, aiming to identify and mitigate potential adverse effects. Electronic waste (E-waste) impact on human health and the environment is thoroughly discussed, highlighting the release of hazardous substances and their contribution to air, soil, and water pollution. The paper advocates for circular economy (CE) principles and waste-to-energy solutions to achieve sustainable waste management. It also addresses complexities and constraints faced by developing nations and proposes strategies to overcome them. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the importance of risk assessment, the potential of AI and waste-to-energy solutions, and the need for sustainable waste management to safeguard public health and the environment.

Deep learning-based models for environmental management: Recognizing construction, renovation, and demolition waste in-the-wild.

The construction industry generates a substantial volume of solid waste, often destinated for landfills, causing significant environmental pollution. Waste recycling is decisive in managing waste yet challenging due to labor-intensive sorting processes and the diverse forms of waste. Deep learning (DL) models have made remarkable strides in automating domestic waste recognition and sorting. However, the application of DL models to recognize the waste derived from construction, renovation, and demolition (CRD) activities remains limited due to the context-specific studies conducted in previous research. This paper aims to realistically capture the complexity of waste streams in the CRD context. The study encompasses collecting and annotating CRD waste images in real-world, uncontrolled environments. It then evaluates the performance of state-of-the-art DL models for automatically recognizing CRD waste in-the-wild. Several pre-trained networks are utilized to perform effectual feature extraction and transfer learning during DL model training. The results demonstrated that DL models, whether integrated with larger or lightweight backbone networks can recognize the composition of CRD waste streams in-the-wild which is useful for automated waste sorting. The outcome of the study emphasized the applicability of DL models in recognizing and sorting solid waste across various industrial domains, thereby contributing to resource recovery and encouraging environmental management efforts.

Detection and extinguishment approaches for municipal solid waste landfill fires: A mini review.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is getting more attention in the present scenario. Even though various technologies like incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and waste-to-energy plants have been developed, landfills are still the major disposal option for MSW management. MSW at landfill creates issues that are highlighted at a global level like the fire at Deonar dumping site in Mumbai, India was visible and captured by the space satellites, leading to environmental pollution. Detection and extinguishment of landfill fires at surface and sub-surface in their early stages are the major concern. Thermal imaging camera can be used to know solar radiation effect by identifying the hotspots during the day and the night time for understanding aerobic degradation effect on the surface fire. Sub-surface gas concentrations and its combinations affecting the temperature gradient can be studied for a better understanding of sub-surface fires in their early stages. The use of class 'A' foams with water, which reduces the surface tension of water, can be carried out for landfill fire extinguishment. The application of water in the form of water fog will extract a large amount of heat and block the availability of oxygen for the fire. This mini review presents the sources of fuel, heat, oxidant for landfill fire and its development process, associated pollution on air, water, land and human health due to landfill fire and methods for its extinguishment possibilities.

Smart technological options in collection and transportation of municipal solid waste in urban areas: A mini review.

The rapid increase in quantities and the mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries are increasing the environmental impacts such as air, water and soil contamination. The present scenario of MSW management deals with numerous issues such as lack of technological resources, strategical management, social awareness, public participation, etc. Globally, numerous efforts in the form of new policies, schemes and regulatory acts have been made to develop a systematic collection and transportation (C&T) method using advanced, integrated technologies. However, very few studies have addressed this issue for low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of availability of reliable resources and data sets. This paper addresses the present challenges in C&T methods and highlights the application of information communication technology in monitoring, capturing, data management, planning, live tracking and communication. This systematic mini-review is based on the availability of technical resources, consumer acceptance and cost-effectiveness of different technologies in managing the processes. The study revealed that the C&T methods in most developed countries are designed based on their geographical stretch, climatic factors, waste characteristics and compatible technology, resulting in sustainable MSW management. However, developing countries have followed the same monotonous approach in managing their MSW, which fails in C&T process. The case study provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers to frame a better C&T process based on the recent technological interventions, infrastructure development, and social and economic status.